Hydraulic and pneumatic transmissions generally cannot achieve the same transmission accuracy as a servo electric cylinder. With the appropriate control system, a servo electric cylinder can deliver high positioning accuracy and satisfy demanding precision requirements. Its streamlined design also makes installation convenient. How, then, does a servo electric cylinder work?
A servo system is an automatic control system in which controlled outputs?such as an object's position, orientation, or operating state?follow changes in an input command or setpoint. Positioning is commonly pulse-based. When a servo motor receives one pulse, it rotates through the angle corresponding to that pulse. The motor encoder simultaneously returns pulses representing actual rotation. By comparing commanded and feedback pulses in a closed loop, the controller precisely regulates motor rotation and positioning, with system accuracy reaching 0.001 mm in suitable configurations.
DC servo motors are available in brushed and brushless versions. Brushed motors have low cost, simple construction, high starting torque, a wide speed-control range, and straightforward control. However, carbon-brush replacement is inconvenient, electromagnetic interference is generated, and environmental requirements must be considered. They are therefore suitable for cost-sensitive general industrial and consumer applications. Brushless motors are compact and lightweight, with high output, fast response, high speed, low inertia, smooth rotation, and stable torque. Although control is more complex, they readily support intelligent control and flexible electronic commutation using square-wave or sine-wave methods. They require little maintenance, operate efficiently at low temperature, generate limited electromagnetic radiation, and provide long service life in diverse environments.
AC servo motors are also brushless and are divided into synchronous and asynchronous types. Synchronous motors are commonly used for servo electric-cylinder motion control. They cover a wide power range and can deliver high power. High-inertia models typically have lower maximum speed, and maximum speed decreases as power rises, making them suitable for stable low-speed operation.
Inside the servo motor, a permanent-magnet rotor is driven by the electromagnetic field generated by the drive's U/V/W three-phase output. The built-in encoder feeds actual position back to the drive. The drive compares feedback with the target value and adjusts rotor angle accordingly. Servo accuracy therefore depends strongly on encoder resolution. Functionally, AC servo control generally offers lower torque ripple through sine-wave control, while brushless DC servo systems often use trapezoidal-wave control and can be simpler and less expensive.
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